Anti-CD54: Polyclonal ICAM-1 Antibody

BACKGROUND ICAM-1(intercellular adhesion molecule-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein of 532 amino acids, which has a molecular mass ranging from 90 to 110 kDa. ICAM-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin supergenge family, and contains five extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains. It is expressed on various cells of both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, including endothelial cells, leukocytes other than basophilic granulocytes, T cells, B cells, fibroblasts, and cancer cells. As a member of adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 binds to two integrins belonging to the beta2 subfamily CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) on the surface of leukocytes. ICAM1 is a key molecule in immune-mediated and inflammatory processes and function as a co-stimulatory signal which is important for the trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes and the activation of T cells.¹ During leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, ICAM1 engagement promotes the assembly of endothelial apical cups through SGEF and RHOG activation. Moreover, ICAM-1 has a crucial role in the induction of an immune response and is instrumental in migration of T cells into inflamed tissue. ICAM-1 on target cells leads to recruitment of the MHC-I proteins to the contact area and enhances presentation of cognate peptide MHC-I complex to cytotoxic T cells. ICAM-1 interacts with important factors involved in many kinds of human cancers. ICAM-1 is involved in transmembrane signal transduction in the regulatory process of cell proliferation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and eventually the AP-1 pathway.² ICAM-1 can be induced under inflammatory condition by TNF-alpha in a process that involves IKK-beta.

In addition, inhibition of ICAM-1 expression on melanoma cells reduces the metastatic ability of the melanoma cells, indicating an important role of ICAM-1 in metastasis.³ The existence of a soluble variant of ICAM-1 in the circulation has been described, with elevated levels being reported in several diseases; higher levels being associated with liver metastases in gastric, colonic, gall bladder and pancreatic cancer, and with reduced survival in patients with malignant melanoma. In case of rhinovirus infection, ICAM-1 acts as a cellular receptor for the virus.⁴ 

REFERENCES  

1. Van Seventer, G.A. et al: J. Immunol. 144:4579-86, 1990
2. Chen, C.C. et al: Cell Signal. 13:543-53, 2001
3. Miele, M.E. et al: Exp Cell Res. 214:231-41, 1994
4. Greve, J.M. et al: Cell 56:839-47, 1989

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*Optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user.